What is really great about it is it shows the throughput in both directions of each top offender. The route command falls more under the configuration category. The default route is typically the only route that is set under most cases but sometimes in the event that the Linux instance in question is a router, it may contain multiple interfaces and routes to each of them. In any case, the route command will allow you to print and change the route table. When it comes to throughput or bandwidth testing, iperf is the de facto tool for the job. It supports a multitude of modes and can even test the line for latency and jitter. The client and server is typically wrapped into one executable so you can have it installed and on the command line indicate which end is the client and which is the server. Typically for bandwidth testing, you'll choose TCP mode for the testing. On the other hand, UDP is better for packet loss, jitter and latency testing just due to the nature of the command. Tcpdump is an amazing tool but simplistic at the same time. At the simplest level, it allows you to capture traffic on an endpoint and typically either display to the screen or output to a file to review later or parse in another tool. It is extremely useful in viewing traffic to help validate traffic is arriving or departing as expected as well as the metadata on the packets to try to detect errors. It can be a little overwhelming at times reading the output of tcpdump if you are not using the right filters or know what you're looking at but with a little training and experience it can take you a long way. Ipset is a tool that works alongside the Linux ipfilter Firewall framework. It allows you to create groupings of IPs.
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